Question
1. Explain the concept of distributed systems
2. Why a Distributed System is very necessary explain
3. Explain and give examples of distributed systems that you know about
4. Explain how the characteristics and models of a distributed system
5. Try to recall the core components of the operating system and explain
6. Explain about Tread and multi-tread in the operating system process?
7. Do you know about protocols, topologies in communication?
ANSWER
1. Explain the concept of distributed systems
Distributed systems are a set of elements that are interconnected with one another and form a unit to complete a specific / specific goal or set of functions.
2. Why a Distributed System is very necessary explain
The main reasons for building a distributed system include:
- Resource Sharing
Resource Sharing is a computer resource that consists of one host to another host on a computer network.
- Computation Speed Up
Increase speed in calculations
- Reliability
Reliability is a condition if a site fails, the remaining sites can continue the ongoing operation.
- Communications
Can communicate between computers
3. Explain and give examples of distributed systems that you know about
Examples of Distributed Systems include:
- Internet, computer networks on a global scale.
- GPS, Geographic position calculation system
- World wide web
• Open client / server architecture that is applied above the internet infrastructure
• Shared resources (via URL)
- Mobile Computing, Calculations made on a mobile basis
4. Explain how the characteristics and models of a distributed system
File Service characters include:
- File Service
Operation in each file
- Directory Service
Management or directory settings
- Naming Service
Operation in setting file / directory names
Distributed System Model
1. Client - server system
It is part of a distributed system model that divides the network based on the giver and recipient of the service. File server, time server, printer server etc.
2. System point to point
Is part of a distributed system model where the system can simultaneously function as a client or server.
3. Clustered system
It is a combination of several individual systems (computers) collected at a location, sharing data storage (storage), and interconnected in a local network (Local Area Network).
5. Try to recall the core components of the operating system and explain
- Process Management
Process is the state when a program is being executed. A process requires several resources to complete the task.
- Main Memory Management
The main memory, better known as memory, is an array of words or bytes, whose size reaches hundreds, thousands, or even millions.
- Secondary Storage Management
Data stored in main memory is temporary and the amount is very small.
- I / O System Management
Often called the device manager. Provides common "device drivers" so that I / O operations can be uniform (opening, reading, writing, closing).
- File Management
File is a collection of related information according to the purpose of the creator of the file. Files can have hierarchical structures (directories, volumes, etc.).
- Protection System
Protection refers to a mechanism to control access made by programs, processors, or users to a resource system.
- Network
Distributed systems are a group of processors that do not share memory or clock.
- Command-Interpreter System
The operating system waits for instructions from the user (command driven). Programs that read instructions and interpret control statements are generally called: control-card interpreters, commandline interpreters, and UNIX shells. The Command-Interpreter System varies greatly from one operating system to another and is tailored to the purpose and technology of existing I / O devices. Examples: CLI, Windows, Pen-based (touch), and others.
6. Explain about Tread and multi-tread in the operating system process?
Thread is the smallest unit in a process that can be scheduled by the operating system. Is an execution status (ready, running, suspend, block, queue, etc.). Sometimes referred to as lightweight. The basic unit of the utilization system is the processor (CPU). In the thread there are: Thread ID, Program Counter, Register and Stack. A thread shares a code section, operating data section and resource system with another thread that has the same process.
Multi-Threading is a process with multiple threads and doing more than one task at a time.
7. Do you know about protocols, topologies in communication?
Protocol in communication
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) and Internet Protocol (IP) are standards of data communication used by the internet community. This standard regulates the process of exchanging data or information from one computer to another on the internet network.
Topology in communication
Topology Computer networks are methods or methods used to connect one computer to another. The structure or network used to connect one computer to another can be wired or wireless (without cables).
Network topology can be divided into 6 main categories as below.
• Star topology
• Ring topology
• Bus topology
• Mesh topology
• Tree topology
• Linear topology
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